An optical microcavity or microresonator is a structure formed by reflecting faces on the two sides of a spacer layer or optical medium, or by wrapping a waveguide in a circular fashion to form a ring. Development of new fabrication processes and introduction of new materials have brought new functions 56. Reports on the development of a technique by researchers of hitachi and cambridge university in england which could enable optical switches in semiconductors operate at virtually unlimited speeds. Microcavities are wavelengthsized optical cavities that trap light at specific wavelengths. We show how different types of structures combining optical and electronic. They can, for example, modify the spatial distribution of radiation power, change the spectral width of the emitted light, and enhance or suppress the spontaneous emission rate. Surface functionalized microcavity boosts nonlinear optics. Optical processes in microcavities a new generation of optical microresonators is making possible the exploration of quantum electrodynamic phenomena in condensed matter systems and providing microlasers with a wide range of potential applications. Optofluidic microcavities with high q factor have made rapid progress in recent years by using various microstructures. Silicon photonic microcavities for optical switching. Optical microcavities are resonators that have at least one dimension on the order of a single optical wavelength. Advances of optofluidic microcavities for microlasers and. Optical microcavities are structures that confine light at the microscale due to total internal reflection of light at the interface between the cavity and its surrounding medium. Polaritons are a mixture of photons and semiconductor excitons that display different properties from either the.
Microcavities for silicafiberbased quantum information. Optical microcavities microphotonics research laboratory. The former type is a standing wave cavity, and the latter is a traveling wave cavity. In this article, we present recent developments in the fabrication of such devices demonstrating topographic control of the micromirrors at the nanometer scale as well as a. Optical microcavities have attracted tremendous interest in both fundamental and applied research in the past few decades, thanks to their small footprint, easy integrability, and high quality factors. In this article, the recent advances in the microlaser research and the biochemical. Osa topographic control of openaccess microcavities at. Ultrahighq microtoroids, used throughout this thesis, belong to the category of surfacetensioninducedmicrocavities that have proved to provide the highest quality factors to date. These structures enable one to control the optical emission properties of materials placed inside them. Microscopy is necessary to evaluate the integrity of samples and to correlate structure with function. Purely digital microscopes are now available that use a ccd camera to.
Quantumlimited measurement and information in mesoscopic detectors a. Single nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities. Optical processes in microcavities ebook, 1996 worldcat. Optical devices may have unlimited speed potential. Openaccess optical microcavities are emerging as an original tool for lightmatter studies thanks to their intrinsic tunability and the direct access to the maximum of the electric field along with their small mode volume. This confinement allows photons trapped in the microcavity to strongly interact with matter, creating new quasiparticles called polaritons. Optically controlled elastic microcavities article pdf available in light. Optical microcavities for realtime detection of bacteria. For example, microcavities made of active iiiv semiconductor materials control laser emission spectra to enable longdistance transmission of data over optical fibres.
Optical processes in microcavities cern document server. Optical processes in microcavities advanced applied physics. Please redirect your searches to the new ads modern form or the classic form. Watson laboratory of applied physics, california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125, usa. On the other hand, they inspire the innovation of new biosensing devices with excellent performance. Optical processes in microcavities advanced applied physics chang, richard k, campillo, a j on. Syed sultan shah bukhari sci 147 th b5 problem session. Optical processes in microparticles and nanostructures, interaction and sca ttering of. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of applications and studies.
Tuning optical properties of single emitters with microcavities. Optical microcavities trap light in compact volumes by the mechanisms of. Reduction of toroidal cross section is observed to cause a. Silica optical microcavities are mainstay photonic devices, valued for their intrinsically ultralow loss in the broadband spectra and mature fabrication processes, but unfortunately, they suffer. Optical microscope an overview sciencedirect topics. The name microcavity stems from the fact that it is often only a few micrometers thick, the spacer layer.
Optical microcavities are indispensable from numerous scientific studies and have also found applications in a vast array of technologies. Optical microcavities for sensing nanoparticles nqit. If a molecule binds to the surface of the microcavity, light can interact with it several. Nonlinear optics in ultrahighq whisperinggallery optical. Highquality optical microcavities are prospective in many optoelectronics fields like optical communication, nonlinear optics, and quantum information technology. Stateoftheart optical microcavities can show sharp resonances limited by material absorption in dielectrics. It is found, that microcavities with ultrahigh enter a regime where scattering of light into the degenerate pair of clockwise and counterclockwise mode is the dominant scattering process. Recently, a process for producing silica toroidalshaped microresonatorson. This ebook is a collection of cutting edge articles from the 2009 workshop on microcavities and their applications woma 2009. The editors have selected leading scientists who have made seminal contributions in different aspects of optical processes in microcavities. For example, toroidal optical microcavities 15,16 are demonstrated to show resonance linewidth of less than 0. We describe the essential steps of development of the physics of microcavities in their chronological order. The fabrication,opticalproperties,simulationmethods,andpotential applications of tubular optical microresonators are. For example, microcavities made of active iiiv semiconductor materials control laser emission spectra to enable longdistance transmission of data over.
On one hand, they are applied to microfluidic lasers with low excitation thresholds. Optical processes in microcavities advanced series in. Optical microcavities are structures that enable confinement of light to microscale volumes. Optical microcavities advanced series in applied physics. Originally, images were captured by photographic film but modern developments in complementary metaloxidesemiconductor and chargecoupled device ccd cameras allow the capture of digital images fig. Optical processes in microcavities, world scientific october 2003 pdf. Optical microcavity sensors are renowned for ultrahigh sensitivities due to strongly enhanced light. The universal importance of these structures has made them indispensable to a wide range of fields. Vahala california institute of technology, mail stop 12895, pasadena, california 91125, usa email. Optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation. A new generation of optical microresonators is making possible the exploration of quantum electrodynamic phenomena in. Using total internal reflection from a dielectric interface or a photonic band gap in a periodic system, these photonic structures do not rely on conventional metalcoated mirrors to confine.
Researchers showed a lot of interest in studying whispering gallery microcavities as a tool for biosensing in the last decade. In nqit we work a lot on building components that provide the precise control over light and matter needed for quantum computers. Physics and device applications of optical microcavities. Extensions of optical microcavities to a broad range of material systems will also. The analogy with normal modes of conservative systems is emphasized. The image from an optical microscope can be captured by normal lightsensitive cameras to generate a micrograph. Every attempt has been made to unify the underlying physics pertaining to microcavities of various shapes. Read this article to learn about the principles and specimen preparations of microscopy. The specimen preparation of microscopy includes three steps. Because they are open, and therefore leaky and nonconservative, the resonances are quasinormal modes qnms with complex frequencies. The dielectric microstructures act as ultrahigh q factors optical cavities, which modify the spontaneous emission rates and alter the spatial distributions of the input and output radiation. Both rich fundamental physics of microcavities and their intriguing potential applications are addressed in this book, oriented to undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as to physicists and engineers. Every attempt has been made to unify the underlying physics.
It gives readers an overview of stateoftheart opto electronic research on nano and micro cavities presented by leading experts in the field. Dependent on ability of lens to capture diffracted light rays. Optical processes in microcavities advanced series in applied. Request pdf optical microcavities optical microcavities confine light to small. In particular, as part of our work on solidstate qubits, we have been developing optical microcavities tiny lightconfining devices on a micrometer scale to improve the efficiency of coupling quantum nodes to a network. This book begins with a chapter on the role of microcavity modes with additional chapters on how.
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